Timeline
Trigger Terms
3/5 Compromise: The Founding Fathers agreed that three-fifths of all slaves should be counted for purposes of both deciding a state's obligation for a direct federal tax, and for determining its population for representation in the House of Representatives.
Alien & Sedition Acts: In 1798 the Federalist Congress passed the four acts collectively known as the Alien and Sedition Acts to attack the Republican party and suppress dissent against Federalist policies. The Acts curtailed freedom of speech and the liberty of foreigners resident in the United States.
In 1798 the Federalist Congress passed the four acts collectively known as the Alien and Sedition Acts to attack the Republican party and suppress dissent against Federalist policies. The Acts curtailed freedom of speech and the liberty of foreigners resident in the United States.
American System: Intended to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition, the American System was the brainchild of Kentucky Congressman Henry Clay. It involved a political trade-off: In return for eastern support for federal aid to railroad and canal construction, the West would back protective tariffs. This arrangement would stimulate manufacturing and a demand for raw materials, and increase the market for manufactured goods.
Articles of Confederation: The Articles (ratified in 1781) were the United States's first constitution. They sharply limited central authority by denying the national government any coercive power including the power to tax and to regulate trade. The articles set up the loose confederation of states that comprised the first national government from 1781 to 1788.
Era of Good Feelings: The Era of Good Feeling lasted from 1817 to 1823 in which the disappearance of the Federalists enabled the Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony.
Embargo Act: The 1807 Embargo Act was provoked by the "Chesapeake" incident and prohibited all exports from U.S. ports. President Jefferson hoped to pressure Britain and France into recognizing neutral rights, but the embargo damaged the economy and was bitterly resented, especially in New England.
Land Ordinance : The Ordinance of 1785 provided for the surveying and selling of America's western territories; it created the grid system of surveys by which all subsequent public land was made available for sale. It favored speculative land development companies, but it promoted nationalism.
Louisiana Purchase: In 1803 the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from Napoleonic France for $15 million. The purchase secured U.S. control of the Mississippi River and nearly doubled the size of the nation.
Marbury v. Madison: In 1803 the Supreme Court ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. The "Marbury v. Madison" case established the precedent for judicial review of federal laws.
McCulloch v. Maryland: In "McCulloch v. Maryland" (1819), the Supreme Court ruled that the second Bank of the United States was constitutional, thus affirming the doctrine of implied powers. The case also determined that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy," thus state governments could not tax a federal agency like the Bank.
Missouri Compromise: In 1820, after angry debate in Congress, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state to preserve the balance of slave and free states in the Union. Also, slavery was banned from that part of the Louisiana Territory north of 36° 30'.
Northwest Ordinance: The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established governments in America's northwestern territories, established a procedure for their admission to statehood, and prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River. This legislation passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation provided the model for the incorporation of future territories into the Union as coequal states.
Revolution 1800:
Shay’s Rebellion: Daniel Shays, a veteran of the Battle of Bunker Hill, led an armed rebellion of western Massachusetts farmers to prevent state courts from foreclosing on debtors unable to pay their taxes. The rebellion convinced nationalists that to suppress or inhibit such rebellions, the nation needed a stronger national government.
Virginia & Kentucky: In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves. They argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional and that each state had a right to declare them null and void.
Resolutions:
War of 1812: The United States and Britain fought this war from June 1812 to January 1815 largely over British restrictions on American shipping.
Whiskey Rebellion: Western Pennsylvania farmers violently resisted paying the whiskey tax imposed by Hamilton's financial program. In 1794 they threatened to destroy Pittsburgh. Washington and Hamilton marshalled the full force of the army to suppress the rebellion, but the rebels had dispersed by the time the army arrived.
-Dion K.
Alien & Sedition Acts: In 1798 the Federalist Congress passed the four acts collectively known as the Alien and Sedition Acts to attack the Republican party and suppress dissent against Federalist policies. The Acts curtailed freedom of speech and the liberty of foreigners resident in the United States.
In 1798 the Federalist Congress passed the four acts collectively known as the Alien and Sedition Acts to attack the Republican party and suppress dissent against Federalist policies. The Acts curtailed freedom of speech and the liberty of foreigners resident in the United States.
American System: Intended to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition, the American System was the brainchild of Kentucky Congressman Henry Clay. It involved a political trade-off: In return for eastern support for federal aid to railroad and canal construction, the West would back protective tariffs. This arrangement would stimulate manufacturing and a demand for raw materials, and increase the market for manufactured goods.
Articles of Confederation: The Articles (ratified in 1781) were the United States's first constitution. They sharply limited central authority by denying the national government any coercive power including the power to tax and to regulate trade. The articles set up the loose confederation of states that comprised the first national government from 1781 to 1788.
Era of Good Feelings: The Era of Good Feeling lasted from 1817 to 1823 in which the disappearance of the Federalists enabled the Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony.
Embargo Act: The 1807 Embargo Act was provoked by the "Chesapeake" incident and prohibited all exports from U.S. ports. President Jefferson hoped to pressure Britain and France into recognizing neutral rights, but the embargo damaged the economy and was bitterly resented, especially in New England.
Land Ordinance : The Ordinance of 1785 provided for the surveying and selling of America's western territories; it created the grid system of surveys by which all subsequent public land was made available for sale. It favored speculative land development companies, but it promoted nationalism.
Louisiana Purchase: In 1803 the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from Napoleonic France for $15 million. The purchase secured U.S. control of the Mississippi River and nearly doubled the size of the nation.
Marbury v. Madison: In 1803 the Supreme Court ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. The "Marbury v. Madison" case established the precedent for judicial review of federal laws.
McCulloch v. Maryland: In "McCulloch v. Maryland" (1819), the Supreme Court ruled that the second Bank of the United States was constitutional, thus affirming the doctrine of implied powers. The case also determined that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy," thus state governments could not tax a federal agency like the Bank.
Missouri Compromise: In 1820, after angry debate in Congress, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state to preserve the balance of slave and free states in the Union. Also, slavery was banned from that part of the Louisiana Territory north of 36° 30'.
Northwest Ordinance: The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established governments in America's northwestern territories, established a procedure for their admission to statehood, and prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River. This legislation passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation provided the model for the incorporation of future territories into the Union as coequal states.
Revolution 1800:
Shay’s Rebellion: Daniel Shays, a veteran of the Battle of Bunker Hill, led an armed rebellion of western Massachusetts farmers to prevent state courts from foreclosing on debtors unable to pay their taxes. The rebellion convinced nationalists that to suppress or inhibit such rebellions, the nation needed a stronger national government.
Virginia & Kentucky: In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves. They argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional and that each state had a right to declare them null and void.
Resolutions:
War of 1812: The United States and Britain fought this war from June 1812 to January 1815 largely over British restrictions on American shipping.
Whiskey Rebellion: Western Pennsylvania farmers violently resisted paying the whiskey tax imposed by Hamilton's financial program. In 1794 they threatened to destroy Pittsburgh. Washington and Hamilton marshalled the full force of the army to suppress the rebellion, but the rebels had dispersed by the time the army arrived.
-Dion K.
The Four Worlds
Primary Documents
"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled..."
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/sl001.asp
This document talks about how slaves should not be put onto ships and be shipped into foreign countries and the slave trade from Africa should stop, even though both countries are benefiting. It also descibes the penatly for putting slaves onto a ship and transporting them over to another home country to work as slaves, and the penatly consisted of money being paid and having to go through the troublesof transporting the slaves right back to their home land.
This document was very important to the North because they wanted to stop the transporting of slaves while the South were benfitting greatly with the propserity of crops being grown. The North believed that it was very wrong to have the slaves working for the Americans. The Southern states needed the slaves, whether it was right or wrong for them to use the African Americans in this brutal way. The North thought about the horrible Middle Passage for the slaves and believed that the country was better off without the slaves and that the southern states could do their own farming. But, the South knew they could not survive without the slaves.
-Kelly B
Transcript of Northwest Ordinance http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=8&page=transcript
The trancript of the Northwest Ordinance lays down the laws and regulations that are to be in effect in the Old Northwest area. It covers basic matters such as ownership, inheritance, government, representation by population, elections of representatives, freedom of religion, basic inalienable rights, and the matter of statehood. The significance of this transcript is that it handles the pressing matter of its own colonies, granting them complete equality once they have bolstered a healthy population, and it established the precedent for the establishment of future state outside of the Old Northwest.
-Alec K.
In this letter, Andrew Jackson (who would soon be known as Old Hickory for his resilience) describes his magnanimous defeat of the british forces who had more training, experience and supplies than his men. He predicts his outnumbered men captured, killed or wounded over 1,500 british soldiers and that his valiant men were still removing bodies from the killing field where they died.
This shows Jackson's brilliance as a commander, and his ever present pride and personality that developed to make him Tennessee's favorite son, and a President to boot. Jackson's attitude and willingness to do whatever he could to get what he wanted were two of his finest qualities, and when combined with his disregard for fear or death, he had one of the largest and most fiery personalities of the young United States. A character that would go places.
-John H.
When it shows the British soldier giving orders to the Indians to bring the scalps of the American soldiers for a reward, its important to note the weight of the British soldier. The soldier is “heavy” which implies that the British do nothing but sit on their butts trying to get other people to do their work for them. This is also hinted at when the gun is given as a reward for bringing the scalps. The guns are really a trick, which the British later use to get the Indians to do even more work for them, by fighting Americans with the “rewards” they gave them. The Indians are being stereotyped by wearing feathers, and not being clothed the same as the British or American soldiers. Irony plays a huge role in this cartoon because its kind of like the British are these big forces to be reckoned with (as you can tell by how the British soldiers tower over the land below), when really, they don’t even do their own dirty work, they simply get other people to do it for them.
-Dion K.
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/sl001.asp
This document talks about how slaves should not be put onto ships and be shipped into foreign countries and the slave trade from Africa should stop, even though both countries are benefiting. It also descibes the penatly for putting slaves onto a ship and transporting them over to another home country to work as slaves, and the penatly consisted of money being paid and having to go through the troublesof transporting the slaves right back to their home land.
This document was very important to the North because they wanted to stop the transporting of slaves while the South were benfitting greatly with the propserity of crops being grown. The North believed that it was very wrong to have the slaves working for the Americans. The Southern states needed the slaves, whether it was right or wrong for them to use the African Americans in this brutal way. The North thought about the horrible Middle Passage for the slaves and believed that the country was better off without the slaves and that the southern states could do their own farming. But, the South knew they could not survive without the slaves.
-Kelly B
Transcript of Northwest Ordinance http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=8&page=transcript
The trancript of the Northwest Ordinance lays down the laws and regulations that are to be in effect in the Old Northwest area. It covers basic matters such as ownership, inheritance, government, representation by population, elections of representatives, freedom of religion, basic inalienable rights, and the matter of statehood. The significance of this transcript is that it handles the pressing matter of its own colonies, granting them complete equality once they have bolstered a healthy population, and it established the precedent for the establishment of future state outside of the Old Northwest.
-Alec K.
In this letter, Andrew Jackson (who would soon be known as Old Hickory for his resilience) describes his magnanimous defeat of the british forces who had more training, experience and supplies than his men. He predicts his outnumbered men captured, killed or wounded over 1,500 british soldiers and that his valiant men were still removing bodies from the killing field where they died.
This shows Jackson's brilliance as a commander, and his ever present pride and personality that developed to make him Tennessee's favorite son, and a President to boot. Jackson's attitude and willingness to do whatever he could to get what he wanted were two of his finest qualities, and when combined with his disregard for fear or death, he had one of the largest and most fiery personalities of the young United States. A character that would go places.
-John H.
When it shows the British soldier giving orders to the Indians to bring the scalps of the American soldiers for a reward, its important to note the weight of the British soldier. The soldier is “heavy” which implies that the British do nothing but sit on their butts trying to get other people to do their work for them. This is also hinted at when the gun is given as a reward for bringing the scalps. The guns are really a trick, which the British later use to get the Indians to do even more work for them, by fighting Americans with the “rewards” they gave them. The Indians are being stereotyped by wearing feathers, and not being clothed the same as the British or American soldiers. Irony plays a huge role in this cartoon because its kind of like the British are these big forces to be reckoned with (as you can tell by how the British soldiers tower over the land below), when really, they don’t even do their own dirty work, they simply get other people to do it for them.
-Dion K.